Pope Francis has been hospitalized at the Gemelli Hospital since February 14 for bilateral pneumonia, a situation described as critical by Giorgio Sesti, a professor of internal medicine at Sapienza University in Rome.

According to Professor Sesti, due to the Pope's age and previous health conditions, he is currently classified as a 'critical patient' and is not out of danger.

Medical bulletins indicate that the prognosis remains reserved, and it is impossible to specify the duration of treatment needed.

Sesti highlights that antibiotic therapies, tailored to combat the specific bacteria causing the infection, require time to be effective.

The pneumonia has been attributed to multiple bacterial agents, necessitating specific treatment protocols.

While the extent of the pneumonia is not fully known, it has resulted in significant pulmonary compromise, demanding high-flow oxygen support.

Sesti noted that it is unlikely Pope Francis is suffering from sepsis, a systemic infection, as he remains alert, cooperative, and communicative.

However, there are concerns regarding renal insufficiency, which can be complicated by significant inflammatory responses leading to decreased renal function.

This renal issue has likely been exacerbated by reduced fluid intake, possibly linked to the high-flow oxygen ventilation required during treatment, though this situation is reportedly under control.

In addition, the Pope's medical team has addressed issues of anemia through transfusions, which have been important for restoring normal oxygenation levels.

This is crucial for both pulmonary function and overall cardiovascular health, as reduced hemoglobin levels can impair the transport of oxygen to vital organs, including the heart.

Promptly addressing anemia is essential to avoid further complications related to oxygen deficiency.